Using a fire extinguishers is the most effective way to put out a small fire before it grows into a bigger, more destructive and dangerous fire. However, properly understanding how to use a fire extinguisher is essential, as the average extinguisher only discharges its contents for approximately 20 seconds. This leaves little room for error on the Fire Warden’s part and calls for quick, effective action.
This guide will explain how to use a fire extinguisher, as well as offer some practical advice and tips for managing workplace fires, whether you’re faced with an electric fire, a wood fire, or an oil fire.
When should you use a fire extinguisher?
Before attempting to put out a fire with a fire extinguisher, assess the situation carefully. Fire extinguishers are only designed to be used on small, contained fires; not large or rapidly spreading ones.
You should only attempt to extinguish a fire if:
- The fire is small and manageable (i.e. not much bigger than an office bin or waste basket)
- You have the correct type of extinguisher (using the incorrect extinguisher can actually make a fire worse)
- You have access to a clear exit/escape route behind you
- You are not putting yourself or others at risk
If any of these conditions are not met, or if you are unable to extinguish the fire within 30 seconds, evacuate immediately and call the Fire Department.
What to do when you see or smell smoke: Follow the F-I-R-E acronym
If you suspect a fire has started – for example, if you see or smell smoke – follow the F-I-R-E acronym:
- Find the fire quickly (without putting yourself in danger)
- Inform others, raise the alarm, and contact the Fire Department
- Restrict the fire from spreading (close all windows and doors if safe to do) or extinguish it if possible
- Extinguish the fire or Escape/Evacuate if the fire is too big or dangerous
How to use a fire extinguisher: The P-A-S-S method
The most widely taught technique for how to use a fire extinguisher is the P-A-S-S acronym:
- Pull the safety pin from the extinguisher handle. This unlocks the operating lever.
- Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, not the flames. The base is where the fuel source is.
- Squeeze the handle slowly and evenly to release the extinguishing agent.
- Sweep the nozzle from side to side across the base of the fire until it is fully extinguished.
Remember: Your safety is always your priority. Always keep a safe distance and move closer only if the fire is reducing in size. Always ensure that you have a clear escape route behind you.
Choosing the right extinguisher for the job
Different types of fires – classed according to the type of fuel being burned – require different fire extinguishers:
Paper, wood, fabric fires (Class A)
- Use a water fire extinguisher or foam fire extinguisher
Combustible liquid fire (Class B)
- Use a foam fire extinguisher or DCP fire extinguisher
- Do NOT use a water-based fire extinguisher (it can cause the fire to spread violently)
Electrical fire (Class C)
- Use a CO₂ fire extinguisher or dry chemical powder (DCP) fire extinguisher
- Do NOT use a water-based fire extinguisher (Water or Foam) as this carries a risk of electrocution
Kitchen grease fires (Class K)
- Use a CO₂ fire extinguisher or a fire blanket
- Do NOT use a water-based fire extinguisher (it can cause an explosive reaction and the fire to spread)
If your clothing catches fire, ‘stop, drop, and roll’.
If your clothing catches fire, immediately do the following:
- Stop moving
- Drop to the ground
- Roll to smother the flames
This reduces oxygen to the fire and helps extinguish it quickly. Alternatively, covering a person with a fire blanket is also an effective way to smother the fire.
Get accredited OHS firefighting training for workplace compliance and safety
One of the best ways to improve workplace fire safety is to appoint and train a Fire Warden. OHS firefighting training gives workplace Fire Wardens the skills to:
- Operate fire extinguishers, hose reels, fire buckets, and fire blankets effectively
- Ensure that firefighting equipment is well-maintained and kept in good working order
- Assist with workplace fire safety and fire prevention programmes
- Assist with fire risk assessments
- Assist with evacuation drills and real emergency evacuations
Having fire extinguishers on site is not enough; it’s essential for both compliance and workplace safety that staff are trained to use them confidently and correctly. Book accredited Fire Warden training with First Aid, Fire and Safety Training today.