What is a Risk Assessment?
A risk assessment is a process of systematically identifying potential hazards in a work environment, evaluating the likelihood and severity of these risks, and implementing measures to reduce or eliminate them. Its purpose is to create a safer workplace by addressing potential dangers before they cause harm.

Defining Risk Assessment
The risk assessment definition includes identifying hazards, assessing risks, and applying control measures. It answers the question: “What can go wrong, and how can we prevent it?” This structured risk assessment process is vital for maintaining workplace safety.
Legal Basis for Risk Assessments in South Africa
The OHS Act mandates that employers conduct workplace risk assessments to maintain a safe work environment. Specific references include:
- Section 8: Employers must identify hazards and mitigate risks to employees.
- Section 10: Products must be produced without risk to consumers.
- Section 12: Employers must minimise risks to employees through regular assessments and updated safety measures.
By adhering to these regulations, businesses not only ensure compliance but also demonstrate a commitment to health and safety management.
Key Risk Assessment Techniques
1. Baseline Risk Assessment
This technique provides an initial overview of an organisation’s risks, identifying significant hazards and evaluating the effectiveness of existing controls. It serves as a foundation for creating a comprehensive safety plan.
- Focuses on major types of risks that could affect the organisation as a whole.
- Establishes a risk profile to guide subsequent assessments and interventions.
2. Issue-Based Risk Assessment
Designed to address specific tasks, processes, or activities, this method is often used when operational changes occur or new hazards are identified.
- Builds on baseline findings to manage risks tied to specific functions.
- Helps organisations adapt to evolving workplace conditions.
3. Continuous Risk Assessment
This ongoing technique integrates hazard awareness into daily operations, enabling immediate risk control and mitigation.
- Encourages proactive safety management.
- Forms an integral part of an organisation’s health and safety risk assessment system.
By combining these techniques, businesses can evaluate levels of risk and create a robust framework for managing hazards.
Steps in the Risk Assessment Process
Step 1: Identify Hazards
Begin by pinpointing potential hazards in the workplace. This can include:
- Physical hazards, such as machinery or slippery surfaces.
- Chemical hazards, like toxic substances or spills.
- Environmental hazards, including noise or extreme temperatures.
Tools like checklists, employee consultations, and past incident reports aid in identifying hazards and risks.
Step 2: Determine Who May Be Harmed
Assess how hazards could impact employees, visitors, or contractors. Pay special attention to:
- Vulnerable groups, such as pregnant workers or those with disabilities.
- Visitors unfamiliar with workplace safety protocols.
Step 3: Evaluate Risks and Decide on Precautions
Analyse the likelihood and potential impact of each hazard. Methods include:
- Quantitative Risk Assessment: Uses numerical data to evaluate risks.
- Qualitative Risk Assessment: Relies on descriptive analysis to prioritise hazards.
Where possible, eliminate hazards entirely. If that’s not feasible, take steps to reduce risks, such as substituting hazardous materials or providing protective barriers.
Step 4: Record and Implement Findings
Document your findings in a risk assessment template or form. Key elements include:
- The identified hazards.
- Actions taken to address these hazards.
- Assigned responsibilities for implementing safety measures.
Sharing findings with your safety team encourages collaboration and accountability.
Step 5: Review and Update Regularly
Workplace risks evolve due to changes in processes, personnel, or technology. Regularly review your risk assessment evaluation to ensure it remains relevant and effective.
Examples of Risk Management Measures
Effective risk management processes often follow the hierarchy of controls, which includes:
- Elimination: Remove the hazard entirely, such as discontinuing a dangerous process.
- Substitution: Replace hazardous materials or equipment with safer alternatives.
- Engineering Controls: Isolate hazards using barriers or enclosures.
- Administrative Controls: Implement procedures, training, and supervision to reduce risk.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use as a last resort to protect individuals from residual risks.
For example, in managing noise risks from machinery, steps might include enclosing the equipment, reducing exposure time, and providing ear protection.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Even a well-structured risk assessment process can fall short if certain pitfalls aren’t addressed:
- Incomplete Hazard Identification: Overlooking less obvious hazards can leave employees vulnerable.
- Neglecting Employee Involvement: Employees provide valuable insights into potential risks.
- Failure to Act on Findings: Without implementing safety measures, assessments lose their value.
Using reliable risk assessment tools and templates can help ensure a thorough and consistent approach.
Conclusion: Proactively Managing Workplace Risks
Conducting regular and comprehensive workplace risk assessments is a fundamental aspect of workplace safety and compliance. By employing proven techniques, following structured processes, and addressing hazards proactively, organisations can create a safer environment for their employees.
Partner with First Aid, Fire and Safety Training to enhance your team’s skills with our risk assessment training. Empower your organisation to identify, evaluate, and control risks effectively.